{"id":5877,"date":"2023-12-19T15:03:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T13:03:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cusens.md\/?p=5877"},"modified":"2024-01-20T15:21:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T13:21:25","slug":"educatie-la-stat-pe-bani-privati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cusens.md\/ro\/investigatii\/educatie-la-stat-pe-bani-privati\/","title":{"rendered":"Educa\u021bie la stat pe bani priva\u021bi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00cen multe \u0219coli din Moldova \u00eenc\u0103 se mai practic\u0103 colectarea banilor de la p\u0103rin\u021bi pentru diferite ocazii, cum ar fi \u201eZiua profesorului\u201d \u0219i alte s\u0103rb\u0103tori, dar \u0219i pentru h\u00e2rtie igienic\u0103, detergen\u021bi sau rechizite. Practica dat\u0103 este at\u00e2t de \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t pu\u021bini \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 dreptul la educa\u021bie gratuit\u0103, garantat\u0103 de stat, nu trebuie condi\u021bionat\u0103. Oficial, aceste colect\u0103ri sunt benevole, dar mul\u021bi p\u0103rin\u021bi se simt obliga\u021bi s-o fac\u0103 pentru binele copilului lor, de\u0219i nu sunt de acord cu astfel de practici.Mai mult, \u00een unele institu\u021bii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt de stat, \u00eenmatricularea copiilor se face doar dup\u0103 ce p\u0103rintele \u00ee\u0219i ia angajamentul s\u0103 achite o tax\u0103 de studii. Este \u0219i cazul Liceului Teoretic \u201eAcademia copiilor\u201d din Chi\u0219in\u0103u unde p\u0103rin\u021bilor li se spune din prima zi \u00een care vor s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eenmatriculeze copilul c\u0103, pentru a fi accepta\u021bi, trebuie s\u0103 achita o tax\u0103 care, pentru clasele primare, dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te suma de 10 000 de lei pe an. Astfel, se adun\u0103 \u00een jur de 5 milioane de lei anual, care ajung pe conturile unei Asocia\u021bii Ob\u0219te\u0219ti. Din ace\u0219ti bani, anterior, au fost achitate ajutoare materiale directoarei \u0219colii \u0219i altor angaja\u021bi. De exemplu, \u00een cazul directoarei, suma ajutorului se ridic\u0103 la 380 000 de lei.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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DANIELA (prenume schimbat), p\u0103rinte<\/strong>: Nou\u0103 ni s-a spus: \u201e\u00cen cazul \u00een care dori\u021bi s\u0103 fie \u00eenmatriculat copilul, dumneavoastr\u0103 ve\u021bi achita un contract pentru studierea limbii engleze\u201d. Vorbim de o institu\u021bie public\u0103, de stat, unde nu ar trebui s\u0103 achit\u0103m nimic, dar, iat\u0103 a\u0219a, s-au g\u0103sit modalit\u0103\u021bi de a mai sustrage ni\u0219te surse financiare de la p\u0103rin\u021bi. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Femeia din imagine este Daniela, mama unui elev care \u00ee\u0219i face studiile la Liceul Teoretic \u201eAcademia Copiilor\u201d din Chi\u0219in\u0103u. A acceptat s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 doar dac\u0103 \u00eei protej\u0103m identitatea ca s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 de suferit copilul ei.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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DANIELA (prenume schimbat), p\u0103rinte<\/strong><\/strong>: Am \u00eenmatriculat copilul \u00een aceast\u0103 institu\u021bie anume pentru acest fapt, c\u0103 este engleza \u0219i, doi la m\u00e2n\u0103, pentru c\u0103 mi s-a promis c\u0103 niciodat\u0103 nu vor fi colectate, solicitate alte surse financiare. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 ce c\u00e2\u021biva ani la r\u00e2nd a achitat o tax\u0103 de studii pentru programul educa\u021bional de alternativ\u0103 \u201eSchool of Tomorrow\u201d, \u00een traducere \u201e\u0218coala Zilei de M\u00e2ine\u201d, Daniela a refuzat s\u0103 mai achite vreun ban, fiind nemul\u021bumit\u0103 de calitatea studiilor \u0219i c\u0103 se adun\u0103 \u0219i al\u021bi bani de la p\u0103rin\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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DANIELA (prenume schimbat), p\u0103rinte<\/strong><\/strong>: Exact \u00een prima lun\u0103 de studii o m\u0103mic\u0103 a venit pe intern, pe grup, cu solicitarea de colectare pentru ziua profesorului, cum se face la noi \u00een Republica Moldova. P\u0103rin\u021bii mai adun\u0103 bani, fiindc\u0103 se vine cu solicitarea de a aduna. V\u0103 zic, se adun\u0103, respectiv, bani la \u00eenceput de an pentru toate s\u0103rb\u0103torile din an. Se adun\u0103 bani pentru a procura produsele igienice pentru copii: h\u00e2rtie, mai \u0219tiu eu, tot felul de produse igienice, toate care sunt necesare \u00een baie, \u00een veceu. Eu nu cunosc care este rezultatul acestor cursuri la al\u021bi copii, c\u0103ci copii sunt diferi\u021bi, unii iau mai u\u0219or acest lucru, unii nu. Copilul meu nu prea \u0219tie engleza. Deci, iese c\u0103 am achitat ace\u0219ti bani f\u0103r\u0103 a avea un rezultat dorit.  <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Banii aduna\u021bi de la p\u0103rin\u021bi sub forma unor taxe de studii ajung pe conturile Asocia\u021biei Ob\u0219te\u0219ti \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul\u201d, membrii c\u0103reia sunt, \u00een mare parte, p\u0103rin\u021bii elevilor Liceului \u201eAcademia Copiilor\u201d. Sediul asocia\u021biei este chiar \u00een incinta institu\u021biei de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt. Am reu\u0219it s\u0103 afl\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een perioada 2017 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022 sumele colectate de la p\u0103rin\u021bi variau \u00eentre 5 000 \u0219i 12 800 de lei pe an. Cel mai mult achitau, \u0219i continu\u0103 s-o fac\u0103, p\u0103rin\u021bii claselor primare, cel mai pu\u021bin – p\u0103rin\u021bii elevilor de-a XII-a. Beneficiaz\u0103 de reduceri copii profesorilor sau cei cu diplome. \u00cen aceast\u0103 \u0219coal\u0103 studiaz\u0103 \u00een jur de 650 de copii. Un calcul simplu arat\u0103 c\u0103 taxa medie \u00een perioada anilor 2017-2022 ar fi fost de circa 9 000 de lei, respectiv suma total\u0103 primit\u0103 de la p\u0103rin\u021bi pentru un an academic ar dep\u0103\u0219i cifra de 5 milioane de lei anual. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Am discutat \u0219i cu al\u021bi p\u0103rin\u021bi, pe care i-am \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een fa\u021ba liceului, pentru a vede \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 \u0219tiu cum sunt cheltui\u021bi banii pe care \u00eei achit\u0103 anual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201eAceasta a fost \u0219i scopul nostru, de a-l da pe copilul nostru la o institu\u021bie unde nu se colecteaz\u0103 bani, unde totul este transparent. Noi aveam un contract, da. – \u0218i ce prevede acest contract? – Nu \u0219tiu, servicii \u0219colare. Trebuie s\u0103 m\u0103 uit. Chiar nu mi-am dat interesul.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eEste o asocia\u021bie de p\u0103rin\u021bi \u00een care se discut\u0103 diferite probleme, dar nicio tax\u0103 nu am achitat.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eConform contractului 10 000 lei anual. – Dar pentru ce sunt cheltui\u021bi ace\u0219ti bani? – Cheltuielile ceea ce \u021bin de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt, pentru c\u0103r\u021bi, pentru mai multe.”<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i Codul de etic\u0103 al cadrului didactic, aprobat de Ministerul Educa\u021biei \u00een 2015, interzice \u201eprimirea sau solicitarea de la p\u0103rin\u021bi sau asocia\u021bii p\u0103rinte\u0219ti (sau orice alt\u0103 form\u0103 de organizare a p\u0103rin\u021bilor) a unor foloase materiale \u0219i a altor avantaje necuvenite (sume de bani, cadouri sau servicii), indiferent de destina\u021bia declarat\u0103 a acestora\u201d, profesorii Liceului \u201eAcademia Copiilor\u201d, unii dintre ei, au acceptat bani de la asocia\u021bia p\u0103rin\u021bilor. \u00centr-o \u00eenregistrare audio, publicat\u0103 par\u021bial, \u00een august 2019, pe pagina asocia\u021biei \u201eP\u0103rin\u021bi solidari\u201d, despre care nu \u0219tim unde \u0219i \u00een ce an a fost f\u0103cut\u0103, o profesoar\u0103 de la acest liceu se arat\u0103 indignat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 directoarea institu\u021bie, Nina Horjan, a primit sume mai mari dec\u00e2t cadrele didactice implicate \u00een programul educa\u021bional de alternativ\u0103 \u201eSchool of Tomorrow\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00cenregistrare audio de pe site-ul Parinti.md<\/em>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nina Horjan<\/strong>: Dragi colegi, nu doar Horjan are salariu de la Asocia\u021bie, dar \u0219i al\u021bi colegi din administra\u021bie. A fost decizia p\u0103rin\u021bilor. <\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profesoar\u0103:<\/strong> Asta nu a fost decizia tuturor p\u0103rin\u021bilor, au fost pu\u0219i \u00een fa\u021ba faptului \u00eemplinit. 8 500 [de lei] \u00een fiecare lun\u0103, cu ce sunte\u021bi mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t un simplu profesor? […] Ce face\u021bi, mai exact, dumneavoastr\u0103 de primi\u021bi 8 500 [de lei]? <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nina Horjan<\/strong>: S\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103m p\u0103rin\u021bii \u0219i eu consider c\u0103 am meritat, comparativ cu dumneavoastr\u0103 care \u00een acest liceu lucra\u021bi, c\u00e2\u021bi ani? <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Mai multe detalii despre suma primit\u0103 de Nina Horjan de la asocia\u021bia de p\u0103rin\u021bi afl\u0103m dintr-un act de constatare al Autorit\u0103\u021bii Na\u021bionale de Integritate, din 27 februarie 2023, \u00een care este men\u021bionat c\u0103 \u00een perioada anilor 2017-2020 \u201enu au fost declarate mijloace financiare \u00een m\u0103rime de 380 000 lei primite de Nina Horjan de la Asocia\u021bia Ob\u0219teasc\u0103 \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul\u201d sub form\u0103 de ajutor material\u201d<\/em>. Despre ce ajutor material este vorba, mai exact? Am vrut s-o \u00eentreb\u0103m pe directoarea liceului. Aceasta a venit la munc\u0103 la volanul unei ma\u0219ini pe care a parcat-o \u00een curtea liceului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Reporter: <\/strong>Dumneavoastr\u0103 a\u021bi primit remuner\u0103ri de la asocia\u021bie?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NINA HORJAN, directoarea LT ,,Academia Copiilor\u201d<\/strong>: Nu, absolut. \u00cen afar\u0103 de salariul meu \u0219i ca profesor de rom\u00e2n\u0103. Asta-i tot.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reporter:<\/strong> Dar ajutoare financiare?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NINA HORJAN, directoarea LT ,,Academia Copiilor\u201d<\/strong>: Nimic, absolut. Deci \u0219i toate zvonurile astea sunt ni\u0219te zvonuri care nu corespund adev\u0103rului.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reporter: <\/em><\/strong>\u00centr-un act de constatarea al ANI afl\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een perioada 2017-2020 a\u021bi primit de la Asocia\u021bia ,,\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul” ajutor material \u00een sum\u0103 de 380 000 de mii de lei.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

NINA HORJAN, directoarea LT ,,Academia Copiilor\u201d<\/strong>: D\u00e2n\u0219ii au hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103-mi fac\u0103 un ajutor, deci ca la om, nu ca la director. \u0218i ajutoare materiale au primit o perioad\u0103 \u0219i colegii mei, nu numai eu, dar asta a fost foarte demult. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Asocia\u021bia de p\u0103rin\u021bi a fost creat\u0103 \u00een 1998 \u0219i este administrat\u0103, \u00een ultimii \u0219apte ani, de Inna Alova\u021bkaia, mama unui copil care a absolvit Liceul \u201eAcademia copiilor\u201d. De\u0219i asocia\u021bia \u00ee\u0219i are oficiul \u00een cl\u0103direa liceului, nu am fost invita\u021bi \u00een\u0103untru, din motiv c\u0103 am putea perturba procesul educa\u021bional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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INNA ALOVA\u021aKAIA, administratoarea AO \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul\u201d<\/strong><\/strong>: Atunci a fost o situa\u021bie mai special\u0103. Decedase ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi ai doamnei director \u0219i p\u0103rin\u021bii au hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103-i oferim un mic ajutor. A\u0219a se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 oriunde. P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 suntem oameni. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reporter:<\/strong> Dar celorlal\u021bi angaja\u021bi ai liceului, pentru ce li se oferea acel ajutor material?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

INNA ALOVA\u021aKAIA, administratoarea AO \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul\u201d<\/strong>: La moment, nu pot s\u0103 v\u0103 spun. Putea s\u0103 fie pentru orice, poate cineva dintre profesori a participat la un concurs cu copiii no\u0219tri \u0219i a ob\u021binut locuri \u0219i prin acest fel p\u0103rin\u021bii au vrut s\u0103 spun\u0103 un mul\u021bumesc. Asta a fost foarte mul\u021bi ani \u00een urm\u0103. Nu pot s\u0103 \u021bin minte toate chestiile astea. Au fost astfel de ajutoare, dar ele au fost f\u0103cute absolut conform legisla\u021bie. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

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\u00cen 2020, liceul condus de Nina Horjan a intrat sub lupa auditorilor Cur\u021bii de Conturi care au stabilit c\u0103 \u201eprogramul alternativ de studii \u201eSchool of tomorrow\u201d nu a fost aprobat de Ministerul Educa\u021biei, Culturii \u0219i Cercet\u0103rii, iar taxa de studii pentru acest program este neregulamentar stabilit\u0103\u201d. \u00cen urma auditului, autorit\u0103\u021bile municipale au sanc\u021bionat-o pe Horjan \u0219i au emis un ordin prin care au interzis acumularea de bani. \u0218i procurorii au pornit un proces penal, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een ianuarie 2021 l-au clasat. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, abia la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2020, Liceul a primit aprobarea din partea Ministerului pentru Curriculum op\u021bional la limba englez\u0103 \u201eSchool of tomorrow\u201d, unul dintre autorii documentului fiind Nina Horjan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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ALA REVENCO, directoarea executiv\u0103 a AO \u201eP\u0103rin\u021bi Solidari\u201d<\/strong><\/strong>: Este un caz foarte strig\u0103tor la cer. Un caz care \u00eencalc\u0103 toate normele etice care exist\u0103 \u00een sistemul educa\u021bional. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, fiindc\u0103 el afecteaz\u0103 dreptul la educa\u021bie al copiilor. \u00centr-o institu\u021bie de stat copilul trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 acces necondi\u021bionat. \u0218i \u00eentr-al doilea r\u00e2nd, pentru faptul c\u0103 managementul acestei institu\u021bii, foarte con\u0219tient, cu bun\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, a creat o surs\u0103 de venit personal pentru ei. \u0218i acest fapt trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103 este strict interzis de Codul Educa\u021biei \u0219i de Codul de Etica al Cadrului Didactic.  <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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Ala Revenco este pre\u0219edinta asocia\u021biei \u201eP\u0103rin\u021bi solidari\u201d organiza\u021bie care monitorizeaz\u0103 domeniul educa\u021biei, \u00een special felul cum este respectat dreptul la \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt a copiilor. Asocia\u021bia a sesizat \u00een luna august Ministerul Educa\u021biei despre pretinsele \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri admise de directoarea liceului, anex\u00e2nd la sesizare \u0219i actul de constatare al ANI. Ministerul a redirec\u021bionat sesizarea c\u0103tre Direc\u021bia general\u0103 educa\u021bie, tineret \u0219i sport din cadrul Consiliului Municipal Chi\u0219in\u0103u \u00een subordinea c\u0103reia se afl\u0103 liceul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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ALA REVENCO, directoarea executiv\u0103 a AO \u201eP\u0103rin\u021bi Solidari\u201d<\/strong><\/strong>: Direc\u021bia din municipiul Chi\u0219in\u0103u ne-a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 au expirat termenele de prescrip\u021bie \u0219i nu poate s\u0103-i fac\u0103 nimic. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Am contactat Direc\u021bia responsabil\u0103 de educa\u021bie a municipiului Chi\u0219in\u0103u, dar \u0219i Ministerul Educa\u021biei \u0219i Cercet\u0103rii pentru un interviu la acest subiect. A acceptat s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 cu noi doar persoana delegat\u0103 din cadrul Ministerului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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RODICA BRAGU\u021aA, \u0219efa Direc\u021biei Juridice \u0219i Resurse Umane, Ministerul Educa\u021biei \u0219i Cercet\u0103rii<\/strong><\/strong>: Noi nu verific\u0103m asocia\u021biile, pentru c\u0103 ele sunt organiza\u021bii non-guvernamentale. Pe noi ne intereseaz\u0103 corectitudinea activit\u0103\u021bii institu\u021biei de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt, care trebuie \u0219i este obligat\u0103 prin lege s\u0103 coopereze corect cu sectorul asociativ. Fiecare \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i-a stabilit \u00eentr-un fel propriile reguli referitoare la: periodicitatea, frecven\u021ba, m\u0103rimea contribu\u021biilor, felul \u00een care se colecteaz\u0103 ace\u0219ti bani. \u00centr-un fel, \u00een timp, acest fenomen s-a \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat, cu p\u0103rere de r\u0103u, destul de mult \u0219i el se manifest\u0103 diferit \u00een diferite institu\u021bii. Ceea ce pot eu s\u0103 zic la sigur, nu putem s\u0103 avem bani colecta\u021bi for\u021bat. Nu putem s\u0103 avem bani cheltui\u021bi netransparent. Nu putem s\u0103 avem bani care dubleaz\u0103 banii bugetari. Nu putem s\u0103 avem implicarea copiilor \u00een colect\u0103ri de bani. Sunt ni\u0219te reguli care \u021bin de etic\u0103 profesional\u0103, sunt ni\u0219te reguli care institu\u021bia de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt este obligat\u0103 s\u0103 le respecte. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Subiect realizat cu sprijinul National Endowment for Democracy (NED). Con\u021binutul \u0219i opiniile exprimate apar\u021bin exclusiv autorilor \u0219i nu reflect\u0103 punctul de vedere al NED.<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen multe \u0219coli din Moldova \u00eenc\u0103 se mai practic\u0103 colectarea banilor de la p\u0103rin\u021bi pentru diferite ocazii, cum ar fi \u201eZiua profesorului\u201d \u0219i alte s\u0103rb\u0103tori, dar \u0219i pentru h\u00e2rtie igienic\u0103, detergen\u021bi sau rechizite. Practica dat\u0103 este at\u00e2t de \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t pu\u021bini \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 dreptul la educa\u021bie gratuit\u0103, garantat\u0103 de stat, nu trebuie condi\u021bionat\u0103. Oficial, aceste […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":5894,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"coauthors":[130],"class_list":["post-5877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigatii","post_format-post-format-video"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/cusens.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/cover-liceu_clean.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Daniela Leahu","author_link":"https:\/\/cusens.md\/ro\/author\/cusens_reporterr\/"},"yoast_head":"\nEduca\u021bie la stat pe bani priva\u021bi - Cu Sens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cusens.md\/ro\/investigatii\/educatie-la-stat-pe-bani-privati\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Educa\u021bie la stat pe bani priva\u021bi - Cu Sens\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen multe \u0219coli din Moldova \u00eenc\u0103 se mai practic\u0103 colectarea banilor de la p\u0103rin\u021bi pentru diferite ocazii, cum ar fi \u201eZiua profesorului\u201d \u0219i alte s\u0103rb\u0103tori, dar \u0219i pentru h\u00e2rtie igienic\u0103, detergen\u021bi sau rechizite. Practica dat\u0103 este at\u00e2t de \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t pu\u021bini \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 dreptul la educa\u021bie gratuit\u0103, garantat\u0103 de stat, nu trebuie condi\u021bionat\u0103. 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